Shear cell experiments of snow and ice friction

Casassa, Gino; Narita, Hirokazu; Maeno, Norikazu

doi:10.1063/1.348469

Cited by 43 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Figure 1 summarizes ice-ice friction coefficients around Ϫ10°C reported so far including four reports of our systematic study [9][10][11][12] and other ice-ice friction data. 3,8,[13][14][15] The result of ice-ice friction coefficients at lower velocities below 0.01 m/s is different from what has been expected on the basis of the adhesion and plastic deformation mechanism of ice. The measured result shows that with decreasing sliding velocity from 0.1 m/s, the ice-ice friction coefficient increases due to the decrease of production of frictional heat to form water film and stick-slip behavior appears around 10 Ϫ3 m/s, suggesting the alteration of the working physical mechanism from water lubrication to adhesion and plastic deformation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion shear theory of ice friction at low sliding velocities, combined with ice sintering

Maeno

Arakawa

2004

Journal of Applied Physics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Adhesion and shear deformation of ice have been traditionally considered to be responsible for ice friction at sliding velocities lower than about 10 Ϫ2 m/s, but the simple mechanism cannot explain the recent finding that the ice-ice friction coefficient increases with decreasing sliding velocity. This article proposes an improved adhesion shear theory, which takes account of junction growth of asperities at the sliding ice interface due to sintering. At lower sliding velocities and higher homologous temperatures, contacts of ice asperities develop resulting in the increase of friction force.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesion shear theory of ice friction at low sliding velocities, combined with ice sintering

Maeno

Arakawa

2004

Journal of Applied Physics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies of ice-ice friction experiments have so far been reported by Bowden and Hughes [4], Oksanen and Keinonen [13], Beeman et al [15], Jones [16], Casassa et al [17], Yasutome et al [18], Mizukami and Maeno [19], Kanazawa et al [20], Maeno et al [21] and Maeno and Arakawa [11] to gain insight into the ice friction mechanism. Maeno et al [21] summarized ice-ice friction coefficients around −10°C that were reported from other ice-ice friction research [4,13,[15][16][17][18][19][20], and it was indicated that the ice-ice friction coefficient is significantly varied in the range of 0.01 to 1.0 with variation of the sliding velocity in the range of 10 -7 to 10 m/s. The results of ice-ice friction measurements indicated that the ice-ice friction coefficients increase with decreasing sliding velocity from roughly 0.1 m/s, and the ice-ice friction coefficients increase with increasing sliding velocity from roughly 0.1 m/s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The friction coefficients between snow and the iron plate are larger with a smaller sliding velocity at air temperatures below −9°C or above 1°C; however, friction coefficients between snow and the iron plate are also larger with a larger sliding velocity at an air temperature of −5°C, which is the experimental analysis condition used in this our work, and the frictional resistance between snow and an iron or methacrylic acid resin plate can be divided into three categories. Casassa et al [17] investigated the tribological characteristics between snow/ice and snow/ice with a shear cell in which two surfaces of annular snow and/or ice samples were in contact and sheared by rotation in a normal stress range of 205-1292 Pa with a shearing velocity range of 0.9-25.3 m/s. Snow used in this study [17] was kept in a cold room for 6 months after taking from the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tribological characteristics between ice and other materials or between ice and ice at sliding velocities of up to 10 m/s have been analyzed, and physical mechanisms to explain the low friction of ice have been proposed from most of studies mentioned [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. However, the tribological characteristics of ice at high sliding velocities above 10 m/s, which are typical of the conditions encountered with snow removal machines, have not yet been elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tribological Characteristics between Snow and Steel and in Snow - Development of Annular Shearing Type Experimental Analysis System -

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Characteristics of friction and adhesion/cohesion between snow and SS400 steel in a shearing velocity range of 2.5-25.4 m/s, as well as in snow itself in a shearing velocity range of 0.5-2.5 m/s, were analyzed by using a specially developed annular shearing type experimental analysis system in a normal stress range of 20-60 kPa. The friction coefficient between melt forms and SS400 was smaller than that between rounded grains and SS400 at the same shearing velocity. The adhesive force per unit area of the rounded grains and the melt forms with respect to SS400 and the cohesive forces per unit area in the rounded grains and the melt forms tended to be larger with smaller shearing velocity in the transient state, whereas those in the steady state showed the opposite tendency, except for the adhesive force of the melt forms in the transient state and that of the rounded grains in the steady state in the case where the shearing velocity was 25.4 m/s. In addition, the friction coefficients in the rounded grains and the melt forms were larger with decreasing shearing velocity.

show abstract

“…Since snow avalanches are very destructive and cannot be controlled, it is very difficult to fully test these models experimentally. Direct measurements on avalanches do exist (Dent et al, 1998) but are rare and must be completed by "laboratory experiments" to study the rheology of snow (Nishimura and Maeno, 1989;Casassa et al, 1991;Kern et al, 2004). The main problem is that snow grains are very fragile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface oscillations in channeled snow flows

Rastello¹,

Bouchet²

2007

Cold Regions Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An experimental device has been built to measure velocity profiles and friction laws in channeled snow flows. The measurements show that the velocity depends linearly on the vertical position in the flow and that the friction coefficient is a first-order polynomial in velocity (u) and thickness (h) of the flow. In all flows, oscillations on the surface of the flow were observed throughout the channel and measured at the location of the probes. The experimental results are confronted with a shallow water approach. Using a Saint-Venant modeling, we show that the flow is effectively uniform in the streamwise direction at the measurement location. We show that the surface oscillations produced by the Archimedes's screw at the top of the channel persist throughout the whole length of the channel and are the source of the measured oscillations. This last result provides good validation of the description of such channeled snow flows by a SaintVenant modeling.

show abstract

Shear cell experiments of snow and ice friction

Cited by 43 publications

References 18 publications

Adhesion shear theory of ice friction at low sliding velocities, combined with ice sintering

Adhesion shear theory of ice friction at low sliding velocities, combined with ice sintering

Tribological Characteristics between Snow and Steel and in Snow - Development of Annular Shearing Type Experimental Analysis System -

Surface oscillations in channeled snow flows

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About