References
2000, June). Exploiting models of personality and emotions to control the behavior of animated interface agents. In , Proceedings of the workshop on “Achieving Human-Like Behavior in Interactive Animated Agents” in conjunction with the Fourth International Conference on Autonomous Agents (pp. 3–7). Barcelona: ACH Press.
(2001). Permutations of control: Cognitive considerations for agent-based learning environments. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 12, 403–425.
(2008). The effects of agents’ nonverbal communication on procedural and attitudinal learning outcomes. In , Intelligent virtual agents 2008, LNAI 5208 (pp. 208–214). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
(2003). Does the presence of image and animation enhance pedagogical agent persona? Journal of Educational Computing Research, 28, 373–395.
(1989). Facilities for the graphical computer simulation of head and body movements. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 21, 455–462.
(1996). Person perception effects of computer-simulated male and female head movement. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 20, 213–228.
(2001). Computer animated movement and person perception. Methodological advances in nonverbal behavior research. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 25, 151–166.
(2001). Transcript-based computer animation of movement: Evaluating a new tool for nonverbal behavior research. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 33, 303–310.
(2008). Deciphering the secret code: A new methodology for the cross-cultural analysis of nonverbal behavior. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 269–277.
(2004). Social dialog with embodied conversational agents. In , Natural, intelligent and effective interaction with multimodal dialog systems. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic.
(2009, April). Taking the time to care: Empowering low health literacy hospital patients with virtual nurse agents. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI). Boston, MA: Association for Computing Machinery.
(2002). Immersive virtual environment technology as a methodological tool for social psychology. Psychological Inquiry, 13, 103–124.
(1999, May). Embodiment in conversational interfaces: Rea. CHI’99 conference proceedings (pp. 520–527). Boston, MA: Association for Computing Machinery.
(2002). MACK: Media lab Autonomous Conversational Kiosk. Proceedings of Imagina02. Monte Carlo: IMAGINA ’02.
(2004). Eca as user interface paradigm. Experimental findings within a framework for research. In , From brows to trust. Evaluating embodied conversational agents (pp. 239–270). Norwell, MA: Kluwer.
(2002). Animated pedagogical agents. An opportunity to be grasped? Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 11, 267–286.
(2004). Shallow and inner forms of emotional intelligence in advisory dialog simulation. In , Life-like characters. Tools, affective functions and applications. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
(2000). The impact of animated interface agents: A review of empirical research. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 52, 1–22.
(2008). Pädagogische Agenten in multimedialen Lernumgebungen. Empirische Studien zum Einfluss der Sympathie auf Motivation und Lernerfolg [
(Pedagogical agents in multimedia learning environments. Empirical studies on the influence of likability on motivation and learning ]. Berlin: Logos.2010). Do pedagogical agents facilitate learner motivation and learning outcomes? Journal of Media Psychology, 22, 84–97.
(2009). Virtual reality. Journal of Media Psychology, 21, 95–113.
(2010). The roles of animated Pedagogical agent’s presence and nonverbal communication in multimedia learning environments. Journal of Media Psychology, 22, 61–72.
(2008). The relationship between affect states and dialog patterns during interactions with AutoTutor. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 19, 293–312.
(2004, August). Evaluating the modeling and use of emotion in virtual humans. Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems. New York, NY: AAMAS.
(2003). FlurMax: An interactive virtual agent for entertaining visitors in a hallway. In , Intelligent virtual agents (pp. 23–26). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
(2004). Pedagogical agents as learning companions: The effects of agent affect and gender on learning, interest, self-efficacy, and agent persona. Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University.
(1996). Agents with faces: The effect of personification. IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication (RO-MAN’96), 6, 189–194.
(2008a). Soziale Wirkungen virtueller Helfer. Gestaltung und Evaluation von Mensch-Computer-Interaktion [
(Social effects of virtual assistants. Design and evaluation of human-computer interaction ]. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.2008b). Theory of Mind as a theoretical prerequisite to model communication with virtual humans. In , Modeling communication with robots and virtual humans (pp. 222–240). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
(2007). Die Sozialpsychologie virtueller Helfer [
(The social psychology of virtual assistants ]. In , Von CMC bis Persuasion. Medien und Sozialpsychologie (pp. 103–138). Lengerich: Pabst.in press ). Personalizing e-learning. The social effects of pedagogical agents. Educational Psychology Review.2003). The ghost in the machine. The influence of embodied conversational agents on user expectations and user behavior in a TV/VCR application. In , IMC Workshop 2003, assistance, mobility, applications (pp. 121–128). Rostock: Fraunhofer Publica.
(2009). Embodied conversational agents: Research prospects for social psychology and an exemplary study. Social Psychology, Special Issue “New Media and Social Psychology”, 40(1), 26–36.
(2007). The effects of an embodied agent’s nonverbal behavior on user’s evaluation and behavioral mimicry. In , Intelligent virtual agents 2007 (pp. 238–251). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
(2003). Effects of embodied interface agents and their gestural activity. In , 4th international working conference on intelligent virtual agents (pp. 292–300). Hamburg: Springer-Verlag.
(2005). The role of dynamic components for the perception of the genuineness of smiles. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 29, 3–24.
(2000). Deictic and emotive communication in animated pedagogical agents. In , Embodied conversational agents (pp. 123–154). Boston, MA: MIT Press.
(2003, August). The role of software agents in multimedia learning environments: When do they help students reduce cognitive load? Paper presented at the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction Annual Conference, Padova, Italy.
(2004). Animated pedagogical agents in educational technology. Educational Technology, 44(6), 23–30.
(2010). Using virtual peers to guide visual attention during learning. Journal of Media Psychology, 22, 52–60.
(2000). Machines and mindlessness: Social responses to computers. Journal of Social Issues, 56(1), 81–103.
(2000). Task oriented collaboration with embodied agents in virtual worlds. In , Embodied conversational agents (pp. 95–122). Cambridge, MA: MIT.
(2000). The effects of animated characters on anxiety, task performance, and evaluations of user interfaces. Letters of CHI 2000, April 2000, 49–56.
(2006). Being with virtual others: Neural correlates of social interaction. Neuropsychologia, 44, 718–730.
(1996). When the interface is a face. Human Computer Interaction, 11, 97–124.
(2010). Teaching learning strategies with a pedagogical agent. Journal of Media Psychology, 22, 73–83.
(2007). Realism is not all! User engagement with task-related interface characters. Interacting with Computers, 19, 267–280.
(