[PDF][PDF] Unsupervised models of images by spike-and-slab RBMs

A Courville, J Bergstra, Y Bengio - 2011 - icml.cc
The spike-and-slab Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) is defined by having both a real
valued “slab” variable and a binary “spike” variable associated with each unit in the hidden
layer. In this paper we generalize and extend the spike-and-slab RBM to include non-zero
means of the conditional distribution over the observed variables given the binary spike
variables. We also introduce a term, quadratic in the observed data that we exploit to
guarantee that all conditionals associated with the model are well defined–a guarantee that …
Abstract
The spike-and-slab Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) is defined by having both a real valued “slab” variable and a binary “spike” variable associated with each unit in the hidden layer. In this paper we generalize and extend the spike-and-slab RBM to include non-zero means of the conditional distribution over the observed variables given the binary spike variables. We also introduce a term, quadratic in the observed data that we exploit to guarantee that all conditionals associated with the model are well defined–a guarantee that was absent in the original spike-and-slab RBM. The inclusion of these generalizations improves the performance of the spike-and-slab RBM as a feature learner and achieves competitive performance on the CIFAR-10 image classification task. The spike-and-slab model, when trained in a convolutional configuration, can generate sensible samples that demonstrate that the model has captured the broad statistical structure of natural images.
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