We examine recent advances in the understanding of Tumor Immunity, some of the key therapeutic innovations and the unique side effects and clinical caveats while using Immunotherapy
2016
Key concepts
- chimeric antigen receptor
- cancer cell
- Food and Drug Administration
- Bacillus Calmette-Guerin
- body immune system
- objective response rate
- hazard ratio
- Merkel cell polyomavirus
- oncology
- microsatellite instability
- cancer vaccines
- Tumor Microenvironment
- immune system
- immunotherapy
- overall survival
- natural killer
- Lynch syndrome
- bladder cancer
- Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
- adverse events
- immune cells
- American Society of Clinical Oncology
- confidence interval
- high endothelial venules
- melanoma
- immunogenic
- chemotherapy
- progression-free survival
Scholarcy highlights
- Our body’s immune system maintains a very sophisticated and powerful defense against “non self” antigens
- Ipilimumab is approved for adjuvant treatment of high risk melanoma based on the results of a European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 18071 trial which showed improved relapse free survival compared to placebo, with three-year RFS of 46.5% vs. 34.8%, hazard ratio
- A Phase II trial characterizing the role of anti-PD1 immunotherapy in patients with colorectal cancers with high microsatellite instability found that patients with colorectal cancers that have deficient mismatch repair mechanism had significantly improved responses and immune-related progression-free survival rates than those who had cancers with an intact mismatch repair
- Preclinical studies with adoptive cell transfer of T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors against mesothelin, a tumor antigen associated with decreased survival and overexpressed on the surfaces of more than 90% of epithelioid malignant pleural mesothelioma, resulted in enhanced T cell recruitment towards MSLN+ cells and a 2- to 5-fold increase in Th1 cytokine secretion
- It is evident that there is tremendous growth in the field of Immune Oncology stemming from improved understanding of the interaction among cancer cells, Tumor Microenvironment and the body’s immune system
- The ultimate objective would be getting closer to the Holy Grail in cancer that is the development of curative therapy even in metastatic disease
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